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Scale TiDB in Kubernetes

This document introduces how to horizontally and vertically scale a TiDB cluster in Kubernetes.

Horizontal scaling

Horizontally scaling TiDB means that you scale TiDB out or in by adding or remove nodes in your pool of resources. When you scale a TiDB cluster, PD, TiKV, and TiDB are scaled out or in sequentially according to the values of their replicas. Scaling out operations add nodes based on the node ID in ascending order, while scaling in operations remove nodes based on the node ID in descending order.

Horizontal scaling operations

To perform a horizontal scaling operation:

  1. Modify pd.replicas, tidb.replicas, tikv.replicas in the value.yaml file of the cluster to a desired value.

  2. Run the helm upgrade command to scale out or in:

    helm upgrade <release-name> pingcap/tidb-cluster -f values.yaml --version=<chart_version>
  3. View the cluster's scaling status:

    watch kubectl -n <namespace> get pod -o wide

    When the number of Pods for all components reaches the preset value and all components go to the Running state, the horizontal scaling is completed.

Vertical scaling

Vertically scaling TiDB means that you scale TiDB up or down by increasing or decreasing the limit of resources on the node. Vertically scaling is essentially the rolling update of the nodes.

Vertical scaling operations

To perform a vertical scaling operation:

  1. Modify tidb.resources, tikv.resources, pd.resources in the values.yaml file to a desired value.

  2. Run the helm upgrade command to upgrade:

    helm upgrade <release-name> pingcap/tidb-cluster -f values.yaml --version=<chart_version>
  3. View the progress of the upgrade:

    watch kubectl -n <namespace> get pod -o wide

    When all Pods are rebuilt and in the Running state, the vertical scaling is completed.

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