CREATE TABLE

This statement creates a new table in the currently selected database. See also CREATE TABLE LIKE, which is documented separately.

Synopsis

CreateTableStmt:

IfNotExists:

TableName:

TableElementListOpt:

TableElement:

PartitionOpt:

ColumnDef:

ColumnName:

Type:

ColumnOptionListOpt:

TableOptionListOpt:

Syntax

The CREATE TABLE statement is used to create a table. Currently, it does not support temporary tables, CHECK constraints, or importing data from other tables while creating tables. It supports some of the Partition_options in syntax.

Here are some options about the CREATE TABLE syntax:

CREATE TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] tbl_name
    (create_definition,...)
    [table_options]

When you create an existing table, if you specify IF NOT EXIST, it does not report an error. Otherwise, it reports an error.

CREATE TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] tbl_name
    { LIKE old_tbl_name | (LIKE old_tbl_name) }

Use LIKE to create an empty table based on the definition of another table including its column and index properties.

create_definition:
    col_name column_definition
  | [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] PRIMARY KEY [index_type] (index_col_name,...)
      [index_option] ...
  | {INDEX|KEY} [index_name] [index_type] (index_col_name,...)
      [index_option] ...
  | [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] UNIQUE [INDEX|KEY]
      [index_name] [index_type] (index_col_name,...)
      [index_option] ...
  | {FULLTEXT} [INDEX|KEY] [index_name] (index_col_name,...)
      [index_option] ...
  | [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] FOREIGN KEY
      [index_name] (index_col_name,...) reference_definition

The FULLTEXT and FOREIGN KEY in create_definition are currently only supported in syntax.

column_definition:
    data_type [NOT NULL | NULL] [DEFAULT default_value]
      [AUTO_INCREMENT] [UNIQUE [KEY] | [PRIMARY] KEY]
      [COMMENT 'string']
      [reference_definition]
  | data_type [GENERATED ALWAYS] AS (expression)
      [VIRTUAL | STORED] [UNIQUE [KEY]] [COMMENT comment]
      [NOT NULL | NULL] [[PRIMARY] KEY]

data_type:
    BIT[(length)]
  | TINYINT[(length)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]
  | SMALLINT[(length)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]
  | MEDIUMINT[(length)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]
  | INT[(length)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]
  | INTEGER[(length)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]
  | BIGINT[(length)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]
  | REAL[(length,decimals)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]
  | DOUBLE[(length,decimals)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]
  | FLOAT[(length,decimals)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]
  | DECIMAL[(length[,decimals])] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]
  | NUMERIC[(length[,decimals])] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]
  | DATE
  | TIME[(fsp)]
  | TIMESTAMP[(fsp)]
  | DATETIME[(fsp)]
  | YEAR
  | CHAR[(length)] [BINARY]
      [CHARACTER SET charset_name] [COLLATE collation_name]
  | VARCHAR(length) [BINARY]
      [CHARACTER SET charset_name] [COLLATE collation_name]
  | BINARY[(length)]
  | VARBINARY(length)
  | TINYBLOB
  | BLOB
  | MEDIUMBLOB
  | LONGBLOB
  | TINYTEXT [BINARY]
      [CHARACTER SET charset_name] [COLLATE collation_name]
  | TEXT [BINARY]
      [CHARACTER SET charset_name] [COLLATE collation_name]
  | MEDIUMTEXT [BINARY]
      [CHARACTER SET charset_name] [COLLATE collation_name]
  | LONGTEXT [BINARY]
      [CHARACTER SET charset_name] [COLLATE collation_name]
  | ENUM(value1,value2,value3,...)
      [CHARACTER SET charset_name] [COLLATE collation_name]
  | SET(value1,value2,value3,...)
      [CHARACTER SET charset_name] [COLLATE collation_name]
  | JSON

For the data_type, see Data Types.

index_col_name:
    col_name [(length)] [ASC | DESC]

The [ASC | DESC] in index_col_name is currently only supported in syntax.

index_type:
    USING {BTREE | HASH}

The index_type is currently only supported in syntax.

index_option:
    KEY_BLOCK_SIZE [=] value
  | index_type
  | COMMENT 'string'

The KEY_BLOCK_SIZE in index_option is currently only supported in syntax.

reference_definition:
    REFERENCES tbl_name (index_col_name,...)
      [MATCH FULL | MATCH PARTIAL | MATCH SIMPLE]
      [ON DELETE reference_option]
      [ON UPDATE reference_option]

reference_option:
    RESTRICT | CASCADE | SET NULL | NO ACTION | SET DEFAULT

table_options:
    table_option [[,] table_option] ...

table_option:
    AUTO_INCREMENT [=] value
  | AVG_ROW_LENGTH [=] value
  | SHARD_ROW_ID_BITS [=] value
  | PRE_SPLIT_REGIONS [=] value
  | [DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET [=] charset_name
  | CHECKSUM [=] {0 | 1}
  | [DEFAULT] COLLATE [=] collation_name
  | COMMENT [=] 'string'
  | COMPRESSION [=] {'ZLIB'|'LZ4'|'NONE'}
  | CONNECTION [=] 'connect_string'
  | DELAY_KEY_WRITE [=] {0 | 1}
  | ENGINE [=] engine_name
  | KEY_BLOCK_SIZE [=] value
  | MAX_ROWS [=] value
  | MIN_ROWS [=] value
  | ROW_FORMAT [=] {DEFAULT|DYNAMIC|FIXED|COMPRESSED|REDUNDANT|COMPACT}
  | STATS_PERSISTENT [=] {DEFAULT|0|1}

The table_option currently only supports AUTO_INCREMENT, SHARD_ROW_ID_BITS (see TiDB Specific System Variables for details), PRE_SPLIT_REGIONS, CHARACTER SET, COLLATE, and COMMENT, while the others are only supported in syntax. The clauses are separated by a comma ,. See the following table for details:

Parameters	Description	Example
`AUTO_INCREMENT`	The initial value of the increment field	`AUTO_INCREMENT` = 5
`SHARD_ROW_ID_BITS`\| To set the number of bits for the implicit `_tidb_rowid` shards	`SHARD_ROW_ID_BITS` = 4
`PRE_SPLIT_REGIONS`\| To pre-split `2^(PRE_SPLIT_REGIONS)` Regions when creating a table	`PRE_SPLIT_REGIONS` = 4
`CHARACTER SET`	To specify the string code for the table; currently only support UTF8MB4	`CHARACTER SET` = ‘utf8mb4’
`COMMENT`	The comment information	`COMMENT` = ‘comment info’

The split-table configuration option is enabled by default. When it is enabled, a separate Region is created for each newly created table.

Examples

mysql> CREATE TABLE t1 (a int);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)

mysql> CREATE TABLE t2 LIKE t1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)

mysql> DESC t1;
+-------+---------+------+------+---------+-------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key  | Default | Extra |
+-------+---------+------+------+---------+-------+
| a     | int(11) | YES  |      | NULL    |       |
+-------+---------+------+------+---------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM t1;
+------+
| a    |
+------+
|    1 |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL compatibility

TiDB does not support the syntax CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE.
All of the data types except spatial types are supported.
FULLTEXT, HASH and SPATIAL indexes are not supported.
The KEY_BLOCK_SIZE and ENGINE attributes are parsed but ignored.
The index_col_name attribute supports the length option with a maximum length limit of 3072 bytes. The length limit does not change depending on the storage engine, and character set used when building the table.
The index_col_name attribute supports the index sorting options of ASC and DESC
The COMMENT attribute supports a maximum of 1024 characters and does not support the WITH PARSER option.
TiDB supports at most 512 columns in a single table. The corresponding number limit in InnoDB is 1017, and the hard limit in MySQL is 4096.