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v3.0 (stable) dev v2.1
  • Introduction
    • TiDB Introduction
    • Benchmarks
      • How to Test TiDB Using Sysbench
      • How to Run TPC-C Test on TiDB
      • Sysbench Performance Test - v3.0 vs. v2.1
      • TPC-C Performance Test - v3.0 vs. v2.1
      • Interaction Test on Online Workloads and `ADD INDEX` Operations
      • TiDB in Kubernetes Sysbench Test
      • DM 1.0-alpha Benchmark Report
      • DM 1.0-GA Benchmark Report
  • Concepts
    • Architecture
    • Key Features
      • Horizontal Scalability
      • MySQL Compatible Syntax
      • Replicate from and to MySQL
      • Distributed Transactions with Strong Consistency
      • Cloud Native Architecture
      • Minimize ETL with HTAP
      • Fault Tolerance & Recovery with Raft
      • Automatic Rebalancing
      • Deployment and Orchestration with Ansible, Kubernetes, Docker
      • JSON Support
      • Spark Integration
      • Read Historical Data Without Restoring from Backup
      • Fast Import and Restore of Data
      • Hybrid of Column and Row Storage
      • SQL Plan Management
      • Open Source
      • Online Schema Changes
  • How-to
    • Get Started
      • Start a Cluster
        • From Binary
        • From Homebrew
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        • In Docker Compose
      • Explore SQL with TiDB
      • Import Example Database
      • Read Historical Data
      • TiDB Binlog Tutorial
      • TiDB Data Migration Tutorial
      • TiDB Lightning Tutorial
      • TiSpark Quick Start Guide
    • Deploy
      • Hardware Recommendations
      • From Binary Tarball
        • For Testing Environments
        • For Production Environments
      • Orchestrated Deployment
        • Ansible Deployment (Recommended)
        • Ansible Offline Deployment
        • Docker Deployment
      • Geographic Redundancy
        • Overview
        • Configure Location Awareness
      • Data Migration with Ansible
    • Configure
      • Time Zone
      • Memory Control
    • Secure
      • Transport Layer Security (TLS)
        • Enable TLS For MySQL Clients
        • Enable TLS Between TiDB Components
      • Generate Self-signed Certificates
    • Monitor
      • Overview
      • Monitor a TiDB Cluster
    • Migrate
      • Overview
      • Migrate from MySQL
        • Migrate the Full Data
        • Migrate the Incremental Data
      • Migrate from Aurora
      • Migrate from CSV
    • Maintain
      • Common Ansible Operations
      • Backup and Restore
        • Use `mydumper` and `loader`
        • Use BR
      • Identify Slow Queries
    • Scale
      • Scale using Ansible
      • Scale a TiDB Cluster
    • Upgrade
      • Upgrade to the Latest Version
    • Troubleshoot
      • Troubleshoot Cluster Setup
      • Troubleshoot TiDB Lightning
  • Reference
    • SQL
      • MySQL Compatibility
      • SQL Language Structure
        • Literal Values
        • Schema Object Names
        • Keywords and Reserved Words
        • User-Defined Variables
        • Expression Syntax
        • Comment Syntax
      • Data Types
        • Overview
        • Default Values
        • Numeric Types
          • `BIT`
          • `BOOL|BOOLEAN`
          • `TINYINT`
          • `SMALLINT`
          • `MEDIUMINT`
          • `INT|INTEGER`
          • `BIGINT`
          • `DECIMAL`
          • `FLOAT`
          • `DOUBLE`
        • Date and Time Types
          • `DATE`
          • `DATETIME`
          • `TIMESTAMP`
          • `TIME`
          • `YEAR`
        • String Types
          • `CHAR`
          • `VARCHAR`
          • `TEXT`
          • `LONGTEXT`
          • `BINARY`
          • `VARBINARY`
          • `TINYBLOB`
          • `BLOB`
          • `MEDIUMBLOB`
          • `LONGBLOB`
          • `ENUM`
          • `SET`
        • JSON Type
      • Functions and Operators
        • Function and Operator Reference
        • Type Conversion in Expression Evaluation
        • Operators
        • Control Flow Functions
        • String Functions
        • Numeric Functions and Operators
        • Date and Time Functions
        • Bit Functions and Operators
        • Cast Functions and Operators
        • Encryption and Compression Functions
        • Information Functions
        • JSON Functions
        • Aggregate (GROUP BY) Functions
        • Window Functions
        • Miscellaneous Functions
        • Precision Math
        • List of Expressions for Pushdown
      • SQL Statements
        • `ADD COLUMN`
        • `ADD INDEX`
        • `ADMIN`
        • `ALTER DATABASE`
        • `ALTER TABLE`
        • `ALTER USER`
        • `ANALYZE TABLE`
        • `BEGIN`
        • `COMMIT`
        • `CREATE DATABASE`
        • `CREATE INDEX`
        • `CREATE TABLE LIKE`
        • `CREATE TABLE`
        • `CREATE USER`
        • `CREATE VIEW`
        • `DEALLOCATE`
        • `DELETE`
        • `DESC`
        • `DESCRIBE`
        • `DO`
        • `DROP COLUMN`
        • `DROP DATABASE`
        • `DROP INDEX`
        • `DROP TABLE`
        • `DROP USER`
        • `DROP VIEW`
        • `EXECUTE`
        • `EXPLAIN ANALYZE`
        • `EXPLAIN`
        • `FLUSH PRIVILEGES`
        • `FLUSH STATUS`
        • `FLUSH TABLES`
        • `GRANT <privileges>`
        • `INSERT`
        • `KILL [TIDB]`
        • `LOAD DATA`
        • `MODIFY COLUMN`
        • `PREPARE`
        • `RECOVER TABLE`
        • `RENAME INDEX`
        • `RENAME TABLE`
        • `REPLACE`
        • `REVOKE <privileges>`
        • `ROLLBACK`
        • `SELECT`
        • `SET [NAMES|CHARACTER SET]`
        • `SET PASSWORD`
        • `SET TRANSACTION`
        • `SET [GLOBAL|SESSION] <variable>`
        • `SHOW CHARACTER SET`
        • `SHOW COLLATION`
        • `SHOW [FULL] COLUMNS FROM`
        • `SHOW CREATE TABLE`
        • `SHOW CREATE USER`
        • `SHOW DATABASES`
        • `SHOW ENGINES`
        • `SHOW ERRORS`
        • `SHOW [FULL] FIELDS FROM`
        • `SHOW GRANTS`
        • `SHOW INDEXES [FROM|IN]`
        • `SHOW INDEX [FROM|IN]`
        • `SHOW KEYS [FROM|IN]`
        • `SHOW PRIVILEGES`
        • `SHOW [FULL] PROCESSSLIST`
        • `SHOW SCHEMAS`
        • `SHOW [FULL] TABLES`
        • `SHOW TABLE REGIONS`
        • `SHOW TABLE STATUS`
        • `SHOW [GLOBAL|SESSION] VARIABLES`
        • `SHOW WARNINGS`
        • `SPLIT REGION`
        • `START TRANSACTION`
        • `TRACE`
        • `TRUNCATE`
        • `UPDATE`
        • `USE`
      • Constraints
      • Generated Columns
      • Partitioning
      • Character Set
      • SQL Mode
      • Views
    • Configuration
      • tidb-server
        • MySQL System Variables
        • TiDB Specific System Variables
        • Configuration Flags
        • Configuration File
      • pd-server
        • Configuration Flags
        • Configuration File
      • tikv-server
        • Configuration Flags
        • Configuration File
    • Security
      • Security Compatibility with MySQL
      • The TiDB Access Privilege System
      • TiDB User Account Management
      • Role-Based Access Control
    • Transactions
      • Overview
      • Transaction Model
      • Isolation Levels
      • Pessimistic Transactions
    • System Databases
      • `mysql`
      • `information_schema`
    • Errors Codes
    • Supported Client Drivers
    • Garbage Collection (GC)
      • GC Overview
      • GC Configuration
    • Performance
      • Overview
      • Understanding the Query Execution Plan
      • Introduction to Statistics
      • Optimizer Hints
      • Follower Read
      • Check the TiDB Cluster Status Using SQL Statements
      • Execution Plan Binding
      • Statement Summary Table
      • Tune TiKV
    • Key Monitoring Metrics
      • Overview
      • TiDB
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    • Alert Rules
    • Best Practices
      • Highly Concurrent Write Best Practices
      • HAProxy Best Practices
      • PD Scheduling Best Practices
    • TiSpark
    • TiDB Binlog
      • Overview
      • Deploy
      • Maintain
      • Monitor
      • Upgrade
      • Reparo
      • Binlog Slave Client
      • FAQ
    • Tools
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      • Syncer
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      • TiDB Data Migration
        • Overview
          • DM Overview
          • Restrictions
          • DM-worker
          • DM Relay Log
        • Features
          • Table Routing
          • Black and White Lists
          • Binlog Event Filter
          • Replication Delay Monitoring
          • Sharding Support
            • Introduction
            • Restrictions
            • Handle Sharding DDL Locks Manually
        • Usage Scenarios
          • Simple Scenario
          • Shard Merge Scenario
          • Shard Merge Best Practices
        • Deploy
        • Configure
          • Overview
          • Task Configuration
        • Manage the DM Cluster
          • Cluster Operations
          • Cluster Upgrade
        • Manage Replication Tasks
          • Manage Tasks
          • Precheck Tasks
          • Query Task Status
          • Skip or Replace Abnormal SQL Statements
        • Monitor
        • Migrate from MySQL compatible database
          • Migrate from Aurora
        • Troubleshoot
          • DM Troubleshooting
          • Error Description
          • Error Handling
        • FAQ
      • TiDB Lightning
        • Overview
        • Deployment
        • Configuration
        • Checkpoints
        • Table Filter
        • CSV Support
        • Web Interface
        • Monitor
        • Troubleshoot
        • FAQ
      • sync-diff-inspector
      • PD Control
      • PD Recover
      • TiKV Control
      • TiDB Control
      • Download
  • TiDB in Kubernetes
    • About TiDB Operator
    • Get Started
      • kind
      • GKE
      • Minikube
    • Deploy
      • Prerequisites
      • TiDB Operator
      • TiDB in General Kubernetes
      • TiDB in AWS EKS
      • TiDB in GCP GKE
      • TiDB in Alibaba Cloud ACK
      • Access TiDB in Kubernetes
    • Configure
      • Cluster Initialization
    • Monitor
    • Maintain
      • Destroy a TiDB cluster
      • Maintain a Hosting Kubernetes Node
      • Backup and Restore
      • Restore Data with TiDB Lightning
      • Collect Logs
      • Automatic Failover
      • TiDB Binlog
    • Scale
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      • TiDB Cluster
      • TiDB Operator
    • Reference
      • Configuration
        • TiDB Cluster
        • Backup
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        • TiDB Drainer
      • Tools
        • tkctl
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    • Troubleshoot
    • FAQs
  • FAQs
    • TiDB FAQs
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  • Support
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  • Contribute
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    • Improve the Docs
  • Adopters
  • Roadmap
  • Releases
    • v3.0
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Explore SQL with TiDB

TiDB is compatible with MySQL, you can use MySQL statements directly in most of the cases. For unsupported features, see Compatibility with MySQL.

To experiment with SQL and test out TiDB compatibility with MySQL queries, you can run TiDB directly in your web browser without installing it. You can also first deploy a TiDB cluster and then run SQL statements in it.

This page walks you through the basic TiDB SQL statements such as DDL, DML and CRUD operations. For a complete list of TiDB statements, see TiDB SQL Syntax Diagram.

Create, show, and drop a database

Create a database

To create a database, use the CREATE DATABASE statement:

CREATE DATABASE db_name [options];

For example, to create a database named samp_db:

CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS samp_db;

Show the databases

To show the databases, use the SHOW DATABASES statement:

SHOW DATABASES;

Delete a database

To delete a database, use the DROP DATABASE statement:

DROP DATABASE samp_db;

Create, show, and drop a table

Create a table

  • To create a table, use the CREATE TABLE statement:

    CREATE TABLE table_name column_name data_type constraint;

    For example:

    CREATE TABLE person (
        number INT(11),
        name VARCHAR(255),
        birthday DATE
    );
  • Add IF NOT EXISTS to prevent an error if the table exists:

    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS person (
        number INT(11),
        name VARCHAR(255),
        birthday DATE
    );
  • To view the statement that creates the table, use the SHOW CREATE statement:

    SHOW CREATE table person;

Show the tables

  • To show all the tables in a database, use the SHOW TABLES statement:

    SHOW TABLES FROM samp_db;
  • To show all the columns in a table, use the SHOW FULL COLUMNS statement:

    SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM person;

Delete a table

To delete a table, use the DROP TABLE statement:

DROP TABLE person;

or

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS person;

Create, show, and drop an index

Create an index

  • To create an index for the column whose value is not unique, use the CREATE INDEX or ALTER TABLE statement:

    CREATE INDEX person_num ON person (number);

    or

    ALTER TABLE person ADD INDEX person_num (number);
  • To create a unique index for the column whose value is unique, use the CREATE UNIQUE INDEX or ALTER TABLE statement:

    CREATE UNIQUE INDEX person_num ON person (number);

    or

    ALTER TABLE person ADD UNIQUE person_num (number);

Show the indexes

To show all the indexes in a table, use the SHOW INDEX statement:

SHOW INDEX from person;

Delete an index

To delete an index, use the DROP INDEX or ALTER TABLE statement:

DROP INDEX person_num ON person;
ALTER TABLE person DROP INDEX person_num;

Insert, select, update, and delete data

Insert data

To insert data into a table, use the INSERT statement:

INSERT INTO person VALUES("1","tom","20170912");

Select data

To view the data in a table, use the SELECT statement:

SELECT * FROM person;
+--------+------+------------+
| number | name | birthday   |
+--------+------+------------+
|      1 | tom  | 2017-09-12 |
+--------+------+------------+

Update data

To update the data in a table, use the UPDATE statement:

UPDATE person SET birthday='20171010' WHERE name='tom';
SELECT * FROM person;
+--------+------+------------+
| number | name | birthday   |
+--------+------+------------+
|      1 | tom  | 2017-10-10 |
+--------+------+------------+

Delete data

To delete the data in a table, use the DELETE statement:

DELETE FROM person WHERE number=1;
SELECT * FROM person;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

Create, authorize, and delete a user

Create a user

To create a user, use the CREATE USER statement. The following example creates a user named tiuser with the password 123456:

CREATE USER 'tiuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';

Authorize a user

  • To grant tiuser the privilege to retrieve the tables in the samp_db database:

    GRANT SELECT ON samp_db.* TO 'tiuser'@'localhost';
  • To check the privileges of tiuser:

    SHOW GRANTS for tiuser@localhost;

Delete a user

To delete tiuser:

DROP USER 'tiuser'@'localhost';
"Explore SQL with TiDB" was last updated Nov 7 2019: *: add TiDB Playground to try SQL (#1636) (0302e47)
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