关键字和保留字

关键字在 SQL 中有特殊的意义，例如 SELECT，UPDATE，DELETE，在作为表名跟函数名的时候，需要特殊对待，例如作为表名，保留字需要被反引号包住：

CREATE TABLE select (a INT);

ERROR 1105 (HY000): line 0 column 19 near " (a INT)" (total length 27)

CREATE TABLE `select` (a INT);

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)

BEGIN 和 END 是关键字，但不是保留字，所以不需要反引号：

CREATE TABLE `select` (BEGIN int, END int);

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)

有一种特殊情况，如果使用了限定符 .，那么也不需要用反引号：

CREATE TABLE test.select (BEGIN int, END int);

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)

下表列出了在 TiDB 中的关键字跟保留字，保留字用 ® 来标识：

ACTION
ADD ®
ADDDATE
ADMIN
AFTER
ALL ®
ALTER ®
ALWAYS
ANALYZE®
AND ®
ANY
AS ®
ASC ®
ASCII
AUTO_INCREMENT
AVG
AVG_ROW_LENGTH

BEGIN
BETWEEN ®
BIGINT ®
BINARY ®
BINLOG
BIT
BIT_XOR
BLOB ®
BOOL
BOOLEAN
BOTH ®
BTREE
BY ®
BYTE

ELSE ®
ENABLE
ENCLOSED
END
ENGINE
ENGINES
ENUM
ESCAPE
ESCAPED
EVENTS
EXCLUSIVE
EXECUTE
EXISTS
EXPLAIN ®
EXTRACT

FALSE ®
FIELDS
FIRST
FIXED
FLOAT ®
FLUSH
FOR ®
FORCE ®
FOREIGN ®
FORMAT
FROM ®
FULL
FULLTEXT ®
FUNCTION

GENERATED ®
GET_FORMAT
GLOBAL
GRANT ®
GRANTS
GROUP ®
GROUP_CONCAT

HASH
HAVING ®
HIGH_PRIORITY ®
HOUR
HOUR_MICROSECOND ®
HOUR_MINUTE ®
HOUR_SECOND ®

IDENTIFIED
IF ®
IGNORE ®
IN ®
INDEX ®
INDEXES
INFILE ®
INNER ®
INSERT ®
INT ®
INTEGER ®
INTERVAL ®
INTO ®
IS ®
ISOLATION

JOBS
JOIN ®
JSON

KEY ®
KEY_BLOCK_SIZE
KEYS ®
KILL ®

LEADING ®
LEFT ®
LESS
LEVEL
LIKE ®
LIMIT ®
LINES ®
LOAD ®
LOCAL
LOCALTIME ®
LOCALTIMESTAMP ®
LOCK ®
LONGBLOB ®
LONGTEXT ®
LOW_PRIORITY ®

MAX
MAX_ROWS
MAXVALUE ®
MEDIUMBLOB ®
MEDIUMINT ®
MEDIUMTEXT ®
MICROSECOND
MIN
MIN_ROWS
MINUTE
MINUTE_MICROSECOND ®
MINUTE_SECOND ®
MIN
MIN_ROWS
MINUTE
MINUTE_MICROSECOND
MINUTE_SECOND
MOD ®
MODE
MODIRY
MONTH

NAMES
NATIONAL
NATURAL ®
NO
NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG ®
NONE
NOT ®
NOW
NULL ®
NUMERIC ®
NVARCHAR ®

OFFSET
ON ®
ONLY
OPTION ®
OR ®
ORDER ®
OUTER ®

PARTITION ®
PARTITIONS
PASSWORD
PLUGINS
POSITION
PRECISION ®
PREPARE
PRIMARY ®
PRIVILEGES
PROCEDURE ®
PROCESS
PROCESSLIST

QUARTER
QUERY
QUICK

RANGE ®
READ ®
REAL ®
REDUNDANT
REFERENCES ®
REGEXP ®
RENAME ®
REPEAT ®
REPEATABLE
REPLACE ®
RESTRICT ®
REVERSE
REVOKE ®
RIGHT ®
RLIKE ®
ROLLBACK
ROW
ROW_COUNT
ROW_FORMAT
ROWS ®

TABLE ®
TABLES
TERMINATED ®
TEXT
THAN
THEN ®
TIDB
TIDB_INLJ
TIDB_SMJ
TIME
TIMESTAMP
TIMESTAMPADD
TIMESTAMPDIFF
TINYBLOB ®
TINYINT ®
TINYTEXT ®
TO ®
TRAILING ®
TRANSACTION
TRIGGER ®
TRIGGERS
TRIM
TRUE ®
TRUNCATE

UNCOMMITTED
UNION ®
UNIQUE ®
UNKNOWN
UNLOCK ®
UNSIGNED ®
UPDATE ®
USE ®
USER
USING ®
UTC_DATE ®
UTC_TIME ®
UTC_TIMESTAMP ®

VALUE
VALUES ®
VARBINARY ®
VARCHAR ®
VARIABLES
VIEW
VIRTUAL ®

WARNINGS
WEEK
WHEN ®
WHERE ®
WITH ®
WRITE ®

XOR ®

YEAR
YEAR_MONTH ®

ZEROFILL ®

"关键字和保留字" 更新于 Nov 10 2019: v3.1/*: add the v3.1 docs directory (#2027) (df40fd1)