关键字和保留字

关键字在 SQL 中有特殊的意义， 例如 SELECT，UPDATE，DELETE，在作为表名跟函数名的时候，需要特殊对待，例如作为表名，保留字需要被反引号包住：

CREATE TABLE select (a INT);

ERROR 1105 (HY000): line 0 column 19 near " (a INT)" (total length 27)

CREATE TABLE `select` (a INT);

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)

BEGIN 和 END 是关键字， 但不是保留字，所以不需要反引号：

CREATE TABLE `select` (BEGIN int, END int);

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)

有一种特殊情况， 如果使用了限定符 .，那么也不需要用反引号：

CREATE TABLE test.select (BEGIN int, END int);

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)

下表列出了在 TiDB 中的关键字跟保留字，保留字用 (R) 来标识：

A

• ACTION
• ADD (R)
• ADDDATE
• ADMIN
• AFTER
• ALL (R)
• ALTER (R)
• ALWAYS
• ANALYZE(R)
• AND (R)
• ANY
• AS (R)
• ASC (R)
• ASCII
• AUTO_INCREMENT
• AVG
• AVG_ROW_LENGTH

B

• BEGIN
• BETWEEN (R)
• BIGINT (R)
• BINARY (R)
• BINLOG
• BIT
• BIT_XOR
• BLOB (R)
• BOOL
• BOOLEAN
• BOTH (R)
• BTREE
• BY (R)
• BYTE

C

• CASCADE (R)
• CASE (R)
• CAST
• CHANGE (R)
• CHAR (R)
• CHARACTER (R)
• CHARSET
• CHECK (R)
• CHECKSUM
• COALESCE
• COLLATE (R)
• COLLATION
• COLUMN (R)
• COLUMNS
• COMMENT
• COMMIT
• COMMITTED
• COMPACT
• COMPRESSED
• COMPRESSION
• CONNECTION
• CONSISTENT
• CONSTRAINT (R)
• CONVERT (R)
• COUNT
• CREATE (R)
• CROSS (R)
• CURRENT_DATE (R)
• CURRENT_TIME (R)
• CURRENT_TIMESTAMP (R)
• CURRENT_USER (R)
• CURTIME

D

• DATA
• DATABASE (R)
• DATABASES (R)
• DATE
• DATE_ADD
• DATE_SUB
• DATETIME
• DAY
• DAY_HOUR (R)
• DAY_MICROSECOND (R)
• DAY_MINUTE (R)
• DAY_SECOND (R)
• DDL
• DEALLOCATE
• DEC
• DECIMAL (R)
• DEFAULT (R)
• DELAY_KEY_WRITE
• DELAYED (R)
• DELETE (R)
• DESC (R)
• DESCRIBE (R)
• DISABLE
• DISTINCT (R)
• DISTINCTROW (R)
• DIV (R)
• DO
• DOUBLE (R)
• DROP (R)
• DUAL (R)
• DUPLICATE
• DYNAMIC

E

• ELSE (R)
• ENABLE
• ENCLOSED
• END
• ENGINE
• ENGINES
• ENUM
• ESCAPE
• ESCAPED
• EVENTS
• EXCLUSIVE
• EXECUTE
• EXISTS
• EXPLAIN (R)
• EXTRACT

F

• FALSE (R)
• FIELDS
• FIRST
• FIXED
• FLOAT (R)
• FLUSH
• FOR (R)
• FORCE (R)
• FOREIGN (R)
• FORMAT
• FROM (R)
• FULL
• FULLTEXT (R)
• FUNCTION

G

• GENERATED (R)
• GET_FORMAT
• GLOBAL
• GRANT (R)
• GRANTS
• GROUP (R)
• GROUP_CONCAT

H

• HASH
• HAVING (R)
• HIGH_PRIORITY (R)
• HOUR
• HOUR_MICROSECOND (R)
• HOUR_MINUTE (R)
• HOUR_SECOND (R)

I

• IDENTIFIED
• IF (R)
• IGNORE (R)
• IN (R)
• INDEX (R)
• INDEXES
• INFILE (R)
• INNER (R)
• INSERT (R)
• INT (R)
• INTEGER (R)
• INTERVAL (R)
• INTO (R)
• IS (R)
• ISOLATION

J

• JOBS
• JOIN (R)
• JSON

K

• KEY (R)
• KEY_BLOCK_SIZE
• KEYS (R)
• KILL (R)

L

• LEADING (R)
• LEFT (R)
• LESS
• LEVEL
• LIKE (R)
• LIMIT (R)
• LINES (R)
• LOAD (R)
• LOCAL
• LOCALTIME (R)
• LOCALTIMESTAMP (R)
• LOCK (R)
• LONGBLOB (R)
• LONGTEXT (R)
• LOW_PRIORITY (R)

M

• MAX
• MAX_ROWS
• MAXVALUE (R)
• MEDIUMBLOB (R)
• MEDIUMINT (R)
• MEDIUMTEXT (R)
• MICROSECOND
• MIN
• MIN_ROWS
• MINUTE
• MINUTE_MICROSECOND (R)
• MINUTE_SECOND (R)
• MIN
• MIN_ROWS
• MINUTE
• MINUTE_MICROSECOND
• MINUTE_SECOND
• MOD (R)
• MODE
• MODIRY
• MONTH

N

• NAMES
• NATIONAL
• NATURAL (R)
• NO
• NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG (R)
• NONE
• NOT (R)
• NOW
• NULL (R)
• NUMERIC (R)
• NVARCHAR (R)

O

• OFFSET
• ON (R)
• ONLY
• OPTION (R)
• OR (R)
• ORDER (R)
• OUTER (R)

P

• PARTITION (R)
• PARTITIONS
• PASSWORD
• PLUGINS
• POSITION
• PRECISION (R)
• PREPARE
• PRIMARY (R)
• PRIVILEGES
• PROCEDURE (R)
• PROCESS
• PROCESSLIST

Q

• QUARTER
• QUERY
• QUICK

R

• RANGE (R)
• READ (R)
• REAL (R)
• REDUNDANT
• REFERENCES (R)
• REGEXP (R)
• RENAME (R)
• REPEAT (R)
• REPEATABLE
• REPLACE (R)
• RESTRICT (R)
• REVERSE
• REVOKE (R)
• RIGHT (R)
• RLIKE (R)
• ROLLBACK
• ROW
• ROW_COUNT
• ROW_FORMAT
• ROWS (R)

S

• SCHEMA
• SCHEMAS
• SECOND
• SECOND_MICROSECOND (R)
• SELECT (R)
• SERIALIZABLE
• SESSION
• SET (R)
• SHARE
• SHARED
• SHOW (R)
• SIGNED
• SMALLINT (R)
• SNAPSHOT
• SOME
• SQL_CACHE
• SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS (R)
• SQL_NO_CACHE
• START
• STARTING (R)
• STATS
• STATS_BUCKETS
• STATS_HISTOGRAMS
• STATS_META
• STATS_PERSISTENT
• STATUS
• STORED (R)
• SUBDATE
• SUBSTR
• SUBSTRING
• SUM
• SUPER

T

• TABLE (R)
• TABLES
• TERMINATED (R)
• TEXT
• THAN
• THEN (R)
• TIDB
• TIDB_INLJ
• TIDB_SMJ
• TIME
• TIMESTAMP
• TIMESTAMPADD
• TIMESTAMPDIFF
• TINYBLOB (R)
• TINYINT (R)
• TINYTEXT (R)
• TO (R)
• TRAILING (R)
• TRANSACTION
• TRIGGER (R)
• TRIGGERS
• TRIM
• TRUE (R)
• TRUNCATE

U

• UNCOMMITTED
• UNION (R)
• UNIQUE (R)
• UNKNOWN
• UNLOCK (R)
• UNSIGNED (R)
• UPDATE (R)
• USE (R)
• USER
• USING (R)
• UTC_DATE (R)
• UTC_TIME (R)
• UTC_TIMESTAMP (R)

V

• VALUE
• VALUES (R)
• VARBINARY (R)
• VARCHAR (R)
• VARIABLES
• VIEW
• VIRTUAL (R)

W

• WARNINGS
• WEEK
• WHEN (R)
• WHERE (R)
• WITH (R)
• WRITE (R)

X

• XOR (R)

Y

• YEAR
• YEAR_MONTH (R)

Z

• ZEROFILL (R)